Showing 27 results for Research Article: Brief Report
Halakou A, Khormali M, Yamrali A, Zandi T M,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram- negative bacteria causing diseases such as peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In this research ,we determined the level of three types of antibody IgG, IgM and IgA in ordinary people of Izeh. Material and Methods: After collecting blood samples from 263 cases, the serum were obtaind and using the ELISA method the amount of IgG, IgM and IgA, against Helicobacter pylori measured. Results: Eleven samples(4.3%) out of 263 casese are positive for IgM anti-Helicobacter pylori. The frequency of IgA and IgG is 28(10.6%) and 201(76.4%),respectively. Conclusion: Based on results more than 70% of people in Izeh have Anti- Helicobacter pylori antibody in their serum, which is higher than that the other studied in Iran and also than developed countries. Key words: Seroepidemiology, Helicobacter pylori, Izeh
Rezaei Ma, Ghahramani F,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) is one of the most well-known disease in the world .It is not only A heaththrapeutic problem but also with politic ,social, cultural and economic aspects. Paying attention to high-risk groups such as Lab staff is important. we decided to study and compare the knowledge of public and private Laboratories staff. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study, descriptive-analytic,was conducted on 350 personnel of private laboratories and educational centers of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,2011.We collected Information by using a questionnaire including three parts of demographic characteristic questions, questions about knowledge in different fields of AIDS and those related to the performance of personnel. The results were reported as tables and graphs and analyzed by ANOVA,t-test and square. Results: The data, in different areas of AIDS, in public and private laboratories are similar and the difference statistically is not significant. Regarding to symptoms and treatment, the knowledge of privale Lab staff is higher than stste ones and this difference is significant (P=0.01).As a whole,the results show the knowledge of staff about the transmission modes(92.7%),the pathologic agent(99.2%),at risk people (61.2%)and preventive measure (53.1%).both group have good practice in wearing gloves and using disposable syringes.Regarding to disposing infectious waste material,private and state center practice are 92.6% and 77%,respectively. Conclusion: Based on the result,the knowledge relating to preventive procedures and at risk people of AIDS is not enough.Thereforeit is a necessity to hold in service training for Lab staff,stressing on disposing infectious waste materials. Key words: AIDS, laboratory personnel, knowledge, practice
Bonyadi, M, Mojarrad Khangah, S., Qanbarov, Kh.q, Gojezadeh, M, Dalili Oskuee, R,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Yoghurt is a milky, fermented and semi-solid production that is produced by Microorganism starters. These microorganisms are known as lactic acid bacteria, which are responsible for the formation of the tissue, scent and flavor of yoghurt. Their presence in digestive system makes people healthy. The aim of this study was determination of the number of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeasts in the combination of traditional yoghurts of villages of East-Azerbaijan- province. Material and Methods:In this study, we gathered 90 samples of traditional yoghurt from the villages of East- Azerbaijan province and transferred, in a standard condition, to the laboratory of pharmaceutical-applied research center of Tabriz medical science university. We used 10-6dilution to measure the number of lactobacilli in MRS Agar medium and 10-3 dilution to count the Yeasts in Saborodextros Agar medium. Then, the grown colony has been enumerated and the kind of bacteria was specified via biochemistry tests. Results: The mean number of lactobacilli in 1 ml of traditional yoghurts is about 62 × 106 CFU/mL and the number of Yeasts 41×104 CFU/mL. Delbrueckii and plantarum are the most common Lactobacilli, and Saccharomyces is with the highest frequency. Conclusion: According to findings of this research, there is considerable amount of microorganisms such as useful bacteria, in the traditional yoghurts of villages of East- Azerbaijan province. They have been used as a starter and probiotic in Dairy and milk factories to produce good production in the future. Key words: Lactic acid bacteria, East-Azerbaijan, Yoghurt, Yeasts
Nazari, H, Habibeh Najar, H, Emadi, A, Abasi, Y, Salehiyan, A, Monem, M, Ghods, F, Mohammadi, A., Khaleghian, A,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD deficiency (an X-linked recessive hereditary disease) is an inherited condition affecting approximately 3% of the people globally. This deficiency can cause hemolytic anemia and jaundice in neonates. The goal of this study is to detect the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in neonates referred to Semnan province screening lab Material and Methods: This cross sectional study, from 2007 to 2010, was conducted on the basis of country planned program and in line with neonatal screening tests. Blood samples were taken from the heels of 3-5 day neonates. Assessment of G6PD was done by rapid fluorescent spot test. The Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in boys and girls was compared by chi square (p<0.05(test. Results: Of 9353 newborns referred to semnan province screening Lab., 4820(51.53%) are males and 4533(48.47%) females. Three hundred (3.2%) of them suffer from G6PD deficiency. Of these, 263 (5.45%) are males and 37 (0.81%) females. The ratio of male to female is 7 to 1. Conclusion: The prevalence of G6PD deficiency is detected 3.2% in Semnan province and its frequency in boys is more than that of girls, which is expected. Key words: Glucose -6-phosphate dehydrogenase, Neonatal screening, Fauvism
M Fakhar, E Ahmad Pour,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is a systemic infection disease that can be diagnosed by some invasive procedures such as splenic, liver biopsy or bone marrow aspiration, whichare determined as the gold standards for diagnosing of this disease. At present, a variety of noninvasive tests having different specificities and sensitivities are available for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Direct agglutination test (DAT) can be an appropriate and applicable method provided that proper antigens are prepared. The rapid rK39 strip test (for detection of antigen) can be used for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is suitable for acute forms of disease in the field. Other tests, such as rapid KATEX strip test (for detection of antigen) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which are recently recommended for diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis, are the simple, inexpensive and easily available under field conditions.This review article focuses on different, novel and current procedures for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
Key words: Laboratory diagnosis,visceralleishmaniasis, Kala-azar,rk39, Katex, PCR
A Tabandeh, H Organji, M Aarabi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Pre-eclampsia is the most common cause of maternal and neonatal mortality. Recent studies show that there may be a relationship between chorionic gonadotropine (HCG) and pre-eclampsia. Thus we aimed at assessing the serum level of βhCG after 28th week of pregnancy in mild pre-eclamptic and healthy pregnant women.
Material and Methods: In this case-control study, we measured the level of βhCG in 26 pre-eclamptic and 26 normal pregnant women. The difference between groups was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test (P≤ 0.05).
Results: The mean of βhCG in the case (73192 ± 42956 IU/L) and control group (34038 ± 21272 IU/L) is different significantly (P= 0.001). Considering mother’s age, gestational age and parity, there is a significant difference between the two groups (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of our study show that the higher level of βhCG, the greater the risk of pre-eclampsia.
Key words: Pre eclampsia, βhCG, Parity
A Choupani, Z Rostami, Aa, A Abdullahi,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Helicobacterpylorus is the major cause ofinflammation andulcer instomach, and immunoglobulin IgG is one of the antibodies produced against it, which is important in the course and diagnosis of the previoussufferers. The awareness of the prevalence of this disease can be helpful for the physicians to choose the way of treatment.
Material and Methods: In these cross-sectional study, 516patients referred to laboratory was studied. After separating the serum, Antibody Helicobacter pylori IgGtest wasdone by ELISA method.
Results: of 516, 156 (30.2 %) of the patients have a positive result, 51(32.7%) are males and 105 (67.3 %) are females. Positive percent of males (43.5%) is greater than females (26.5%).Over-45-year-old women (9.8 %) have the highest percentage of disease titers.
Conclusion: The percent of positive cases in men is more than that the women. Over-45-year-old women (9.8 %) have the highest percentage of positive case.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori IgG, Tehran, ELISA
B Rahimi-Esboei, M Fakhar, A Ghorbani, M Pour Haji Baqer, As Paqeh, P Shahnasi, M Rezaei,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cercarial dermatitis (CD) or swimmer’s itch is a severe inflammatory reaction caused by penetration of the skin by avian and herbivorous schistosomes, esp genus Trichobilharzia. Since both intermediate and final host of this parasite exist in North of Iran, we aimed at determining the prevalence of cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers in Central areas of Mazandaran Province.
Material and Methods: To perform this descriptive-cross sectional study, we refer to bird refuges of migrating water and Paddy-field around man-made ponds of Babol, Sari, Ghaemshahr and Savadkoh districts. The Hand and foot of the farmers were examined clinically for detection of infected people and their signs and symptoms were recorded on a sheet of paper.
Results: Based on the results, 77.5 % of the workers suffer from CD. All of them are males and the majority of them are indigenous.
Conclusion: High prevalence of Cercarial dermatitis among paddy-field workers led to a health dilemma. Thus, by increasing awareness of farmers, implementing suitable approaches, controlling the disease and sanitizing the contaminated areas can promote health situation.
Key Words: Trichobilharzia Avian Schistosomiasis Cercaria Dermatitis Paddy-Field Workers Itch
, , , ,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (7-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The vast clinical testing process often is performed to diagnose the origin of the fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of abnormal paraclinical findings of the neonates with fever.
Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 109 randomly selected febrile neonates admitted to Amir-Kabir Hospital, 2010. Blood, Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) and Urine samples were sent to laboratory and the results were analyzed by Chi-Square test, using SPSS software.
Results: Blood culture of 19 cases (17.43 %) is positive. None of the CSF samples are gram positive and also show the sign of Meningitis.
Conclusion: With regard to the high rate of positive blood culture, it seems that the use of blood culture in febrile neonates is important for diagnosis.
Keywords: Fever Neonate Paraclinical Test
M Naderinasab, N Tayyebi Meibodi, Y Nahidi, A Bakhshizadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Cross-transmission of microorganisms by the hands of health care workers is considered as a main transmission route of nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial contamination of health-care worker’s hands while going out of hospital.
Material and Methods: Wearing the sterile glove with liquid culture, we obtained 100 Samples from the staff’s hands of three departments (clerical department, emergency ward and central laboratory) of Emam Reza hospital. After that, the samples were cultured.
Results: Of all personnel, 40% have the habit of washing their hands. Of these, 95 percent wash their hands with water and soap, and 5 percent with alcohol rubs. Of 100 cultured samples, 90 have microorganisms including non-pathogen gram-positive bacillus (29%), coagulase-positive staphylococcus (39%), coagulase-negative staphylococcus (47%), Enterococci (3%), micrococcus (25%) and candida (3%). Contamination in those who had not washed their hands is 62.6% and in those who washed is 37.7% (P=0.04).
Conclusion: Hands of health-care workers become progressively contaminated by the potential pathogens during daily activities. To reduce the rate of contamination, it is helpful if we ask staff to wash their hands while going out of hospital.
Keywords: Microbial Flora Hospital’s Staff Hand Washing
F Sadighian, Z Abedian, A Saane-Ei, Z Mirkarimi,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (10-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Nowadays, nosocomial infection is one of the greatest problems in hospitals. Normal flora of staff’s hands and the bacterial agents on the surface of medical equipment can become progressively colonized with potential pathogens during patient care. This study was carried out to determine the bacterial agents existed on staff’s hands and in the wards of hospital to step in to control nosocomial infection.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, during 17 months (22.mar.2010- 30.aug.2011), 403 samples, using sterile swab , were randomly obtained from the staff’s hands and medical equipment of emergency departments , ICU, male operation room and female surgical unit . The samples were cultured on Blood agar (BA) and Eosin methylene blue (EMB). Then, identification of isolated bacteria was done with diagnostic tests.
Results: Of 430 samples, 530 bacteria were isolated from staff’s hands (N= 291) and medical equipment (N= 234). The most common bacterium from personnel’s hands (144 49.5%) and medical equipment (24 10%) is Staphylococcus aureus. Also, three isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa from staff’s hands of male surgical ward and medical equipment of ICU, and two isolates of Acinetobacter.spp from ICU’s medical equipment were identified.
Conclusion: With regard to the findings, it seems that applying the appropriate disinfectant agents by using standard procedures is necessary.
Keywords: Medical Equipment Staff’s Hand Nosocomial Infection Staphylococcus Aureus
Sh Semnani, Gh Roshandel, H Faghih, F Ghasemi Kebria, H Joshghani,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The patients with Post-Infectious Irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), a subtype of irritable bowel syndrome, suffer from bacterial gastroenteritis. Since campylobacter Jejuni (CJ) is one of the most common agents in this syndrome, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Campylobacter Jejuni in patients with Irritable Bowel Disease.
Material and Methods: This case - control study was conducted on 160 patients divided into 2 equal groups of healthy and unhealthy. The presence of Anti- CJ antibody (IgG and IgA) was evaluated by ELISA and the comparison was performed by chi-square test.
Results: The mean age of case (31.51) and control (31.84) was not statistically different (P = 0.87). Titer of Anti- Campylobacter Jejuni antibody IgG was positive in 25% of patients and 18.8% of the healthy ones (p=0.02). IgA Seropositivity in patients was 7.5% but no one in control group was positive (p =0.01)
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Cj in patients with IBS was higher significantly than that of control group. Thus, Cj can be known as one of the causes of Post-infection in patients with IBS in our region and it should be paid more attention in diagnostic assessment of these patients.
Keyword: Irritable Bowel Syndrome Campylobacter Jejuni Antibody
A Korourian, M Mirhoseyni,
Volume 7, Issue 4 (1-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional problems in the world. This research aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in one of the most endangered age group in Baft, Iran.
Material and Method: this cross-sectional study was conducted on 325 high school students selected via simple random sampling (165boysand 160girls). The participants with MCV≤ 80µm or MCH ≤ 27 Pg who had simultaneously TIBC ≤ 15 % or Ferritin ≤ 1 5 ng/ml were considered as an iron deficiency anemia.
Results: considering MCV and MCH, the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in girls (14.37%) and boys (2.42%) was significantly different (P <0.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in high school students of Baft is significantly high in comparison with other studies. To increase students' intellectual and physical performance, Screening and treatment of iron deficiency are recommended.
Keywords: Anemia Iron Deficiency Baft Students
R Golsha, V Kazeminejad, A Barzegari, S Besharat, F Ghasemi Kebria,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (2-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: The excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics will lead to drug resistance of microorganism and specially nosocomial organisms. Because of high incidence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, we aimed to study antibiotic resistance to gram negative bacteria.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the data of biological samples (2006-2008), with positive culture result. Using antibiogram, microbial resistance to isolated microorganism was determined, and after culturing the samples, bacteria were identified by using differential media and antiserum. Then, antibiotic resistance was performed by disk diffusion.
Results: The most common gram-negative microorganism obtained from all cultures was Ecoli with the lowest drug resistance to Nitrofurantoin.
Conclusion: Based on the results, antimicrobial resistance pattern is not the same in different places and furthermore it is ever changing. Therefore, further research is needed to be done to have an accurate pattern of antibiotic resistance to provide effective treatment regimens.
Key words: Antibiotic Resistance Disk Diffusion Gram Negative Bacteria Gorgan
J Asadi, N Zarghami,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Telomerase enzyme is one of the major factors causing the development and proliferation of immortal cells such as cancer cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate telomerase activity in breast tissues of breast cancer patients and healthy people.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive study, the samples from 32 patients with malignant tumors and from 24 with benign tumors or healthy individuals were obtained .To assess the relative activity of telomerase in the samples, TRAP assay (PCR-ELISA) was used.
Results: The frequency of telomerase activity was 93.75% in patients and 8% in healthy people.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the relative activity of telomerase in tumor tissues measured by TRAP assay could be a suitable biomarker for identifying the breast cancer tissue.
Keywords: TRAP Assay breast cancer telomerase
M Keshtvarz, Mh Pourmand, Shirazi, M Yousefi, S Hajikhani,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Transmission of pathogens by cosmetics is one of the major health complications. Direct contact with contaminated non-standard cosmetics can have irreparable side effects for the consumers. Thus, the evaluation of microbial contamination in cosmetic products is important. The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological contamination of one of frequently used cream.
Material and Methods: In the present study, 135 samples of a special moisturizing cream were randomly selected from pharmacies in Tehran. The microbial contamination assessment, sampling and culturing method were based on the protocol (No.3978) of Iranian Institute of Standard and Industrial Research.
Results: sixty-two (46%) out of 135 samples were contaminated. The highest and lowest contaminations observed were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus, respectively.
Conclusion: Due to the high contamination rate of cosmetic creams, we recommend extremely monitoring and controlling these products by health centers.
Keywords: Cosmetics, Microbial Contamination, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
M Rezaei, R Ghasemi Khah, M Parviz, O Zarei,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Ice cream is a suitable environment for microbial growth due to its chemical structure, ingredients, and its increased supply and demand. In the absence of hygienic considerations, it can cause poisoning. This study aimed to determine bacterial contamination in traditional ice cream produced in Arak city in 2011. Material and Methods: The samples (n= 30) were randomly obtained from different parts of Arak in, 2011. The Samples were shipped in cold conditions and total count of microorganisms test was performed according to Iranian national standards. Results: In 16.66%, the microbial contamination was below the limit of microbial load (5×104), and in 83.3% the contamination was more than allowed level. Conclusion: This study highlights the dire situation for bacterial contamination of traditional ice cream in Arak city. Keywords: Arak, Ice Cream, Microbial Contamination
M Azimi, Sh Moghadam, L Jouybari, N Bahnampour, Ea Ghaemi, M Hesam, M Bazori, A Sanagoo,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Bacterial colonization in upper respiratory airways is one of the major risk factors for the development of the ventilator–associated pneumonia (VAP), which is the most common and serious hospital-acquired infection in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of oropharyngeal microorganisms of patients with tracheal tube hospitalized in ICU.
Material and Methods: Of 39 patients hospitalized in ICU of panje Azar Hospital, the oropharyngeal cultures were taken after admission. The samples were evaluated for growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Pneumococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and E-coli.
Results: The mean age of the patients (21 men, 18 women) was 43.64±15.01. The culture was positive in 28.2% and the most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.3%).
Conclusion: Pseudomonas, which is the main pathogen for ventilator- associated pneumonia, may be a potential threat for the patients hospitalized in intensive care units.
Keywords: Microbial Colonization, Endotracheal Tube, Intensive Care Unit, Ventilator Associated Pneumonia
M Elmi Merian, M Faezi Ghasemi,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a plant pathogen that is an important mortality factor in immune-compromised and hospitalized patients. We aimed to Isolate and Characterize the Burkholderia Cepacia Strains from Hospitalized Patients in the Hospitals of West Guilan Province.
Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 90 saliva and blood samples obtained from patients with blood infection, pneumonia, asthma, patients connected to the monitoring and ventilator systems, and immune-compromised patients in different sections of hospitals such as the pediatrics, internal section, ICU and CCU. Primary screening was performed by cultivating the samples on Burkholderia cepacia selective agar (BCSA) Sensitivity to antibiotics was tested by Kirby-Bauer and Muller-Hinton Agar (MHA) and the separated isolations were recognized by strengthening the gene rec A.
Results: Of 90 isolated samples, only one strain suspected B. cepacia was isolated from 24-year old women with asthma. This strain was resistant to bacitracin, pipracillin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics.
Conclusion: The incidence of B. cepacia is rare in western part of Guilan province, which is congruent with the results of overall incidence in Iran.
N Nazari, Ma Rahimi, E Bayat,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Trichomonas vaginalis is a pathogenic agent known worldwide and affects about 180 million annually. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in diabetic patients referred to diabetic research center.
Material and Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 215 women referring to the Diabetic Center in Kermanshah Province were investigated for Trichomonas vaginalis. After collecting the data by a questionnaire, the samples were obtained from posterior fornix by sterile swabs and sent for assessing by direct microscopy and Dorset medium.
Results: Totally, 1.3 percent of the women were confirmed to be infected with T. vaginalis.
Conclusion: The range of blood sugar cannot remarkably affect the prevalence of T. vaginalis. Given the limitations of this study and low prevalence compared to similar studies, we recommend further comprehensive research for better understanding.
Keywords: Trichomonas Vaginalis, Diabet, Prevalence
