Showing 28 results for Research Article: Brief Report
Safaari, M, Zolfaghari, Mr, Shakib, P, Rouhi, S,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Diarrheal diseases may occur in all age groups, worldwide. Escherichia coli (E. coli O157: H7) is one of the most important bacterial agents causing this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrhea in patients with acute diarrhea caused by this bacterium. Material and Methods: In this study, 214 stool samples were collected from acute diarrheic patients in hospitals and clinical laboratories of Malayer city, Iran. The samples were cultured in rich, differentiation, specific and selective medium. To detect E. coli O157: H7, rapid detection method and antisera were used . Results: In 12.15% of the samples, lactose fermentation was observed and E. coli was afirmed. The results of lactose positive samples showed that 6.54% were negative-β- Glucuronidases and were confirmed as E. coli O157. Finally, by using O157: H7 antisera, 1.87% of 14 samples that were negative- β-Glucuronidases were asserted as E. coli O157. Conclusion: based on the results, the prevalence of E. coli O157: H7 is higher in children and elders than the others. Food and water play a significant role in transferring E. coli. Keywords: Prevalence, E. coli O157: H7, Gastroenteritis, Patients
Roghayeh Norouzi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and objectives: Sarcoptes scabiei is a microscopic parasitic arthropod that penetrates into epidermis of the skin and causes scabies, a contagious disease that is one of the most common causes of dermatosis in the world.
Methods: We herein summarize published papers about Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in Iran. Databases including MEDLINE, Pubmed and Google scholar were searched using the following terms: Sarcoptes scabiei, mange, prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei and scabies status in Iran.
Results: Overall, we found approximately 15 articles related to the prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei infestation in Iran. According to these studies, the prevalence of Sarcoptes scabiei infestation has been rather high in Iran during war and in prisons and humid areas of the country.
Conclusion: In spite of the low prevalence of scabies, it is necessary to implant prevention programs continuously by reducing overcrowding, improving health education, personal hygiene, diagnostics tools, and screening and treatment of high-risk populations.
Keywords: Sarcoptes scabiei, Brief review, Iran.
Mahtab Nejadaria, Seyed Mojtaba Mortazavi, Mohammad Hasan Kohansal,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (3-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The pentose phosphate pathway is of particular importance for energy supply in red blood cells. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the key enzyme involved in this pathway. The deficiency of this enzyme due to lack of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production in red blood cells leads to oxidation, hemoglobin deposition, red blood cell membrane changes and favism, which causes jaundice and hemolytic anemia in newborns. In this study, we evaluate the frequency of G6PD deficiency in newborns in a hospital in Bam, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, blood samples were taken from 572 newborns hospitalized at Pasteur hospital of Bam (Iran) in the first half of 2018. Demographic data including gender and blood type were collected. The G6PD enzyme activity was evaluated using qualitative G6PD assay kit (Saba Teb, Iran). Data were analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: Of the 572 cases examined, 52 (9.09%) had G6PD deficiency. Of the affected patients, 34 (65.4%) were male and 18 (34.6%) were female. In addition, the majority (47.7%) of affected patients were with O+ blood group.
Conclusion: A relatively high frequency of G6PD deficient infants was reported in Bam. As expected, the prevalence of this disorder was higher in males than in females. Given the lost cost of screening, we suggest screening for G6PD enzyme activity in all newborns.
Keywords: Favism, Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, NADPH.
Mohammad-Ali Mohaghegh, Roghayeh Norouzi, Abolghasem Siyadatpanah, Farzaneh Mirzaei, Ali Fatahi Bafghi, Seyed-Reza Mirbadie,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs is the main source of human toxocariasis. The aim of this study was to determine rate of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in Yazd, central Iran.
Methods: During September 2014 to February 2015, a total of 220 soil samples were collected from public parks, primary schools, green areas, kindergartens, suburban areas, streets, residential complexes, backyards and a bus terminal in the city of Yazd, Yazd Province. Soil samples were investigated for the presences of Toxocara eggs by flotation technique using sucrose solution (1.2 g/cm3) and using light microscopy. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS (version 23) software package.
Results: A total of 220 soil samples from nine different places were examined. Of these samples, 51 (23.2%) were contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs. The contamination rate was 26.3% in public parks, 19.2% in primary schools, 28.6% in green areas, 22.2% in kindergartens, 24% in suburban areas, 8.3% in streets, 18.8% in residential complexes, 19% in backyards and 28.6% in the bus terminal. There was no significant difference in the soil contamination rate with Toxocara spp. eggs between different sampling places (χ2 = 3.096, d.f = 8 and P= 0.92) and sampling areas (χ2= 2.289, d.f = 2 and P= 0.318).
Conclusion: The high rate of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in Yazd emphasize on the need for preventive measures, such as improving sanitation, providing public health education and controlling stray dogs and cats near children play areas.
Mana Zakeri, Forough Taheri, Masoomeh Rezanezhadi, Mohammad Ali Zaimy, Alaa Laebi Abdullah,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: Klinefelter syndrome (KS) also known as 47, XXY is one of the most prevalent chromosomal abnormalities among men. Infertility is one of the most primary features of this condition. However, there are some other associated features such as thin and tall appearance, absent, delayed or incomplete puberty, small and firm testicles, small penis and gynecomastia.
Case description: We herein report a patient with mosaic KS whose karyotype consisted of 47, XXY/46, XY. The case’s wife had two miscarriages, followed by a healthy girl with a normal karyotype who was born taller than the average at the age of two.
Conclusion: Mosaic KS dramatically increases the chance of having healthy offspring with normal genetic patterns without performing artificial insemination methods compared to those with complete KS.
Madhusudana Hn, Akriti Kashyap, Sunita Patil, Gurpuneet Basra, Navnath Dighe, Sashindran Vk,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Intraoperative blood transfusion is a common medical intervention worldwide. Although mostly lifesaving when indicated, inappropriate administration of intraoperative can be potentially life-threatening. The aim of this study was to analyze the most common surgery/invasive procedures requiring intraoperative transfusion and to determine indications for intraoperative transfusion as well as the outcome of the patients after intraoperative transfusion.
Methods: A retrospective review of the electronic database of medical records was done for surgical patients who received intraoperative transfusion from June 2019 to December 2019. Preoperative hemoglobin values, associated comorbidities, and physiological triggers including hypotension and tachycardia were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.
Results: A total of 36 patients (age range: 9-80 years) were studied. Orthopedic surgeries (53%) were the most common surgeries that required intraoperative transfusion. Preoperative anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dl) was the predominant reason for intraoperative transfusion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (36.3%) was the most frequent comorbidity among the cases of intraoperative transfusion. Half the cases received two units of packed red blood cell (pRBC), while 39% of the cases received one unit of pRBC. The remaining 11.1% received more than two units of pRBC. Furthermore, 77.7% of the patients were discharged to home within a week, while 16.6% of the patients were discharged after a prolonged hospital stay (> one week). The remaining 5.5% died in the hospital within a week of the procedure/surgery.
Conclusion: Transfusion practices vary among physicians, hospitals, and countries. The findings highlight that the hospital might be the most important determinant of the number of administered transfusions, with some adopting programs to reduce transfusions for elective surgery.
Karolyn Sassi Ogliari, Monica Luiza Immig, Maria Laura Halon, Fabrízio Loth, Luiza Boni, Patrícia Grudzinski, Liziane Beckenkamp, Martina Fritsch,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (7-2022)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Semen cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproduction techniques, and reliable semen analysis is essential to define the clinical practice. However, many parameters used for semen evaluation have high variability among technicians. Here, we describe a method of validating semen analysis prior to cryopreservation, comparing each operator’s results with an expert, and also analyzing inter-operator variability. As a second endpoint, we compare this method by analyzing semen parameters before and after cryopreservation.
Methods: Four professional trainees studied and practiced semen analysis according to the World Health Organization guidelines for one month, under supervision of an expert in the field. Next, microscopic results (sperm concentration, motility, vitality, and morphology) obtained by each team member were compared with the findings obtained by the expert.. Finally, analyzes of inter-operators were evaluated for the same parameters.
Results: The findings obtained by the operators and the expert did not differ significantly. Furthermore, in the inter-operator analysis, the morphology parameter differed significantly in the fresh semen sample, which was not observed in the post-thaw sample.
Conclusion: Our results indicated that the laboratory staff training for semen analysis was effective, ensuring the assessment of individual performance and uniformity among operators in sperm count parameters, producing consistent results.
Fatemeh Livani , Faramarz Koohsar , Farideh Tohidi, Mitra Sharbatkhori , Roghiyeh Faridnia , Ganesh Yadagiri , Ayeneh Hajieh Pangh , Mehdi Khoshrou , Hamed Kalani ,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a prevalent infectious zoonotic disease between humans and animals. Golestan Province is one of the important centers of CL in Iran. The current method for detecting Leishmania parasites in patients is Giemsa-stained direct smear from skin ulcers; however, PCR is a strongly recommended method for epidemiological studies. This study aimed to investigate Leishmania species in negative ulcer smears from patients suspected of having CL referred to Aq Qala Health Center using the multiplex nested PCR method.
Methods: This study was performed on 72 negative ulcer smears from patients suspected of having CL referred to Aq Qala Health Center, Golestan Province, northeastern Iran, from August 2019 to April 2020, using the multiplex nested PCR method to detect Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica species.
Results: Out of 72 samples, 4 (5.55%) samples were positive by multiplex nested PCR. Moreover, all positive samples are related to Leishmania major species.
Conclusion: The multiplex nested PCR method is strongly recommended for detecting Leishmania species in negative ulcer smears from patients suspected of having CL.
