Showing 12 results for Bacterium
F Shrafati-Chaleshtori, R Sharafati-Chaleshtori, A Shakerian, H Momtaz,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Paratuberculosis or John's disease is a chronic infectious disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). It results in major economic losses to dairy farm of all over the world and it is the agent causing crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to detect the MAP using PCR in raw-milk samples of cows in shahre-kord. Material and Methods: In this cross–sectional study, 100 raw milk samples of cows were collected from both industrial and semi -industrial farms in shahre-kord. The DNA of all Samples was isolated by MAP, using PCR method. Results: The results Show that only three (3%) Samples were positive for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Conclusion: Based on our results, Milk -PCR was useful for detection of MAP in milk samples. Key words: Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, milk, polymerase chain reaction.
S N Javid, E A Ghaemi, N Amirmozaffari, S Rafiee, A Moradi, T Dadgar,
Volume 3, Issue 1 (4-2009)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and objectives: With almost nine million new cases each
year, tuberculosis is still one of the most Life-threatening diseases in the
World. Distribution of drug resistant strains of M.tuberculosis has a lot of
importance. This research was carried out to determine the frequency of drug
resistance of M. tuberculosis in strains isolated in Golestan province.
Material and Methods: In this cross -sectional study, 104 isolate of
M.tuberculosis which isolated from patients referred to Gorgan tuberculosis
Health Center, in 2008 were studied. DNA was extracted by Boiling Method.
By using PCR method, we determine the M.tubeculosis strain and resistance
to Rifampin (Using IS6110 and Gene rpoB primers) and resistance to
Isoniazid (Using InhA and KatG primers). As a Gold Standandard,
“Proportional method” was performed for 45 Samples.
Results: 87 strains were identified as M.tuberculosis. 6.9% of them were
resistant to Isoniazid, 4.6% to Rifampin and 2.3% to both (MDR).Sensitivity
and Specifity of PCR method in detection of resistant to Isoniazid were
95.3% and 57.1% and for Rifampin were 94.7% and 33.3%.
Conclusion: We found that in our region, the MDR is not very common.
More than 16% of isolated strains from tuberculosis suspected patients were
MOTT, for this reason it is necessary to mention that use biochemical or PCR
method to determine M.tuberculosis is necessary.
Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MDR, PCR, Proportional method
, Golestan province.
Livani S, Mirinargesi M, Nemati-Shoja E, Rafiei S, Taziki M, Tabarraei A, ,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (10-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Identification and monitoring of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MDR) is highlighted by the high risk of their spreading in different areas. Prevalence of these strains was evaluated in Golestan province in northeast of Iran. Material and Methods: Drug susceptibility testing to Isoniazid and rifampin was carried out for 148 clinical samples that had grown in Mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) system, according to the manufacturer's instructions (Becton-Dickinson, USA). The association of drug resistance frequency with demographic characteristics and growth time were investigated. The appropriate statistical tests, X2 and student T- test were performed for comparison of these variants. A p value>0.05 was considered significant in all cases. Results: The turnaround time required for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in MGIT system was between 2 to 55 days (mean 16.3±10.4 days). Of all samples studied, 17.6% and 3.4% were resistant to Isoniazid and rifampin, respectively, and 3.4% (5 samples) were MDR (CI 95% 1-6%). The turnaround time required for determining MDR cases was 9.6 days. No statistically significant association was found between the resistance to the drugs and none of the factors including sex, age, type of clinical sample, and positivity of the smear. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDR in the studied region was determined to be 3.4% which is similar to the country-wide evaluations. The turnaround time for Mycobacterium growth and anti drug susceptibility result can be shortened by MGIT method. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube, Multidrug Resistant
Sadeghi D (msc), Mosavari N (phd), Rafiee B (msc), Mohamad Taheri M (msc), Dashtipour Sh (bsc), Zare A (phd), Ghahremanlo E (msc), Tebyanian M (phd),
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Tuberculin is the proteins existed in tuberculosis culture medium which precipitated by trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or ammonium sulfate. Tuberculin is used for diagnosis of Tuberculosis. The aim of this study is to compare the human tuberculin produced by Razi Institute and Mycobacterium tuberculosis Culture Filtrate Protein. Material and Methods: Initially By biphasic medium, Bacteria from Lowenstein–Jensen solid medium was transferred to a Dorset−Henley Liquid medium. After 6 weeks of growth, the bacteria were isolated from liquid medium containing secretory proteins by the 0, 22 micron filter and the solution containing secretory proteins was precipitated by TCA and ammonium sulfate, separately. Then, using spectrophotometer and kjeldahl protein assay, the presence of protein in solution was confirmed. At the end, the precipitated proteins are compared with the human tuberculin by Coomassie-Blue stained SDS-PAGE Results: The protein samples precipitated by TCA have more bands in the limit of higher than 20 kDa, but the protein samples by ammonium sulfate have more bands in the limit of less than 20 kDa. Human tuberculin proteins are like smear and their weight is less than 16 kDa. Conclusion: It seems that ammonium sulfate is more suitable for low molecular weight proteins than TCA for precipitation. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SDS-PAGE, tuberculin
S Ahmady- Asbchin, A Nasrolahi Omran, N Jafari, Mj Mostafapour, S.m Kia,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (10-2012)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Concurrent with the development of new chemical drugs and antibiotics, their harmful effects are gradually emerged. Due to lack of harmful effects, herbal medicines have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was the use of lavender essential oil as an herbal medicine for the replacement of antibiotics and chemicals.
Material and Methods: In this study, the plant essential oil was isolated by drying and distillation method using Clevenger apparatus. The antibacterial effect of this plant was evaluated by using disc diffusion method and successive dilutions. In order to control the standard of the method, antibiotic discs and standard bacterial strains were used.
Results: Based on the results, Proteus mirabilis and Enterococcus faecalis are , respectively , the most sensitive and most resistant bacteria to dilutions of 1, 1/2 and 1/4. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis, respectively, are the most sensitive and most resistant bacteria to the dilution of 1/8, 1/16, 1/32 and 1/64. MIC and MBC methods also show that all bacteria have the same minimum inhibitory and fatality concentrations except Enterococcus faecalis with minimum inhibitory concentration of 16/1 and minimum concentration fatality of 8/1. Evaluating the results of the disk diffusion method with antibiotic discs, we can observe the better effect of this plant in comparison with gentamicin and streptomycin discs on the growth of five strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC1885, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 2405, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC2321, Escherichia coli ATCC 1652 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 2601.
Conclusion: the essential oil of Lavender can be used instead of chemical drugs to treat bacterial infections.
Keywords: Lavandula, Anti-bacterial effects, Essential oils, Bacterium
M Eramabadi, K Tadayon, N Mosavari, R Keshavarz, R Banihashemi, R Ghaderi, M Sekhavati, M Ahmadi, P Eramabadi, E Khodaverdi Daryan,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (2-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: A high level of homogeneity observed within all bacteria in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex makes a property that seriously challenges traditional biochemical-based identification methods of these pathogens in the laboratory. The work presented here was conducted to characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates in Golestan, Northern Iran.
Material and Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, 42 mycobacterial isolates were collected from clinical tuberculosis-suspected patients in Golestan province. The isolates were sub-cultured on fresh Mycobacterium-specific culture media including glycerinated and pyruvated Lowenstein-Jensen slopes. The isolates were subsequently subjected to a PCR-based identification scheme coined Huard-Warren method. This strategy consisted of three individual algorithms namely, 16SrRNA RV typing (Rv0577, Rv3877.8, Rv1970, Rv3120, Rv1510 and IS1561) and RD typing (RD1, RD 4, RD9 and RD12).
Results: All isolates were proved to be M. tuberculosis. Furthermore, none of the patients were being infected with any other member of the M. tuberculosis complex or simultaneously co-infected with two mycobacteria. This fundamental observation was independently obtained by specific culture media, RV typing and also RD typing.
Conclusion: Considering the fact that cattle and sheep farming play an important role in the economy of the region, absence of Mycobacterium bovis in the studied isolates can be unexpected to some extent. Huard-Warren which is a simple and cost-effective identification method can be used in both reference and regional laboratory for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Keywords: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex, Huard-WarrenMethod, 16SrRNA, Golestan Province, RD Typing, RV Typing
Naghdi, N, Ghane, M,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background and Objective: Propionibacterium acne is one of the main causes of acne. Due to the spread of drug resistance, it is not responsive to treatment. This study aimed to determine antibiotic sensitivity of strains of the Propionibacterium acne.
Material and Methods: seventy samples of acne lesions were collected to study the presence of Propionibacterium acne. Microbial Culture technique was used to detect and identify Propionibacterium acne. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates to the antibiotics of Doxycyclin, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline, Clindamycin and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was studied by Antibiogram method.
Results: Of 70 samples, 14 (20%) were positive for Propionibacterium acne. The results of phenotypic test were confirmed using molecular method. Rate of resistance to Azithromycin and Erythromycin (50%), Clindamycin (35.71%), Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (28.57%), Doxycycline and Tetracycline (14.29%) was determined.
Conclusion: Outbreak of antibiotic resistance to Azithromycin, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin is high. Since the Propionibacterium acne is sensitive to Doxycycline and Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole, it is recommended using them to treat acne.
Keywords: Antibiotic susceptibility, Propionibacterium Acne, Ance Protein.
Zahra Ebrahim , Keyvan Tadayon , Nader Mosavari ,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (10-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). this study aimed to characterize the genome of the MAP 316F strain.
Methods: The MAP 316F strain was subjected to the PCR-F57 and PCR-IS900 experiments in order to ensure its identity as MAP. This was followed by application of the Thibault genotyping system consisting of eight loci including 292, x3, 25, 47, 3, 7, 10 and 32. Required genomic material for all experiments was prepared using the simple method of boiling. Gel electrophoresis findings related to the typing PCRs were backed by sequencing of amplification products.
Results: In PCR amplification, eight products with the size of 300, 298, 350, 217, 208, 203, 803 and 649 bp were detected at 292, X3, 25, 47, 3, 7, 10 and 32 loci, holding 3, 2, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2 and 8 copies of TRs at these loci, respectively.
Conclusion: This genomic pattern is matched with that of the MAP 316F vaccine strain from the French Merial company and also the MAP K10 fully-sequenced strain.
Keywords: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Genomics, Genotyping techniques, Strain
Aida Chalesh , Keyvan Tadayon ,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (11-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Paratuberculosis has been repeatedly reported from Iranian ruminant herds. The extrem fastidious nature of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculsos hinders genomic diversity studies of the pathogen. Short Sequence Repeat analysis is one of the genome-based approches recently developed to overcome this difficulty. In this study we describe the application of SSR genotyping on three Iranian MAP type strains plus the III & V vaccinal strain.
Methods: All the bacteria were examined by PCR-F57 and PCR-IS900 experiments in order to authenticate their identity as MAP. SSR genotyping using SSR1 & SSR2 loci was conducted according to the Amonsin method. PCR amplicons were sequenced to guarantee the accuracy of findings.
Results: At SSR1 locus two allels were identified, a larger allel of 770 bp and a smaller allel of 763 bp long. At SSR2 only a single allele, 800 bp long, was detected. Two Iranian bovine and ovine MAP isolates along with the vaccinal III & V strain shared a single SSR1/SSR2 pattern while a different SSR1/SSR2 was represented by the third (caprine) Iranian MAP isolate.
Conclusion: While finding a shared SSR type between the two Iranian MAP isolates and the III & V strain might represent a mutual ancestral background but this has to be assessed through further studies. Detection of two SSR genotypes between three Iranian type strains is likely a reflection of more MAP clones in Iran.
Keywords: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), SSR genotyping, Genetic marker, Genetic locus
Hamidreza Ebrahimnezhad, Leila Barzegar, Davoud Esmaeili,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (1-2020)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Probiotics are live microorganisms that function through various mechanisms and affect the alteration of the commensal microbiota against pathogens. Nowadays, given the problems associated with antibiotics use, probiotic strains offer a novel and appropriate alternative for the treatment of diseases such as diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial synergism of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (ECN) on the clinical sample of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni.
Methods: A paper disk-diffusion technique was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity. Sterile 6 mm paper disks were saturated with probiotic suspensions made by settling probiotic medications into distilled water. Three kinds of disk were prepared. One disk was prepared for Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp., another for ECN, and the third was made by combined probiotics. Clinical samples of diarrheagenic E.coli and Campylobacter jejuni were cultivated on Muller Hinton agars, and disks were placed on the inoculated Muller Hinton agars. All plates were incubated under microaerophilic and appropriate conditions.
Results: The zone of inhibition (ZOI) of the bacterial growth was measured. All pathogenic microorganisms showed sensitivity to the probiotic disks. The combined disks had better effects against pathogens compared with single disks.
Conclusion: A considerable synergistic effect was observed in the results of combined probiotics; therefore, combined strains can be more efficient against intestinal pathogens in comparison with single probiotics.
Keywords: Probiotic, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Escherichia coli Nissle, Diarrhea, Campylobacter jejun.i.
Fahimeh Azadi, Masoomeh Rezanezhadi, Hanieh Bagheri, Laith B Alhusseini, Hamid Reza Joshaghani,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health problem and a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge worldwide. Molecular diagnostic techniques are crucial parts of the World Health Organization’s new tuberculosis control strategy. This study aims to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical specimens using the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay.
Methods: The study was carried out on 220 specimens from pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB patients that were sent to the Kavosh Laboratory in Gorgan (Iran) during 2018-20. The Gene Xpert MTB / RIF method was applied to detect M. tuberculosis and rifampin resistance.
Results: Of 220 specimens, 15 (6.81%) were found to be positive, four (26.6%) of which were related to pulmonary and 11(73.3%) to extra-pulmonary specimens. None of the positive samples was resitant to rifampin according to assay.
Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF is able to accurately detect M. tuberculosis in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary specimens. The accurate and early diagnosis of TB infection allows timely therapeutic intervention, which is beneficial not only for the patient but also for possible contacts.
Fahimeh Firoozeh, Arezoo Firoozeh, Abbas Salmani,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are isolated from domestic and animal products as well as man-made systems such as medical devices, drinking water systems, water tanks, and shower streams. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NTM in clinical samples in Iran during 2000-2022.
Methods: Published studies addressing the prevalence of NTM in clinical samples in Iran were reviewed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews protocol. Original articles in Persian and English published between January 2000 and 2022 in databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Iranian databases were included. The prevalence of NTM at 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by comprehensive meta-analysis.
Results: Overall, 26 studies were included in the review. The combined prevalence of NTM in positive mycobacterial cultures was 4.5% (95% Cl: 3.1-6.5). Mycobacterium simiae [35.8% (95% CI 16.4-44.4)], Mycobacterium intracellulare [19% (95% CI 8.7-28.3)], and Mycobacterium kansasii [13.4% (95% CI 7.3-24.3)] were the most common slowly growing species, while Mycobacterium fortuitum [24.6% (95% CI 12.9-46.7)], Mycobacterium terrae [18.5 % (95% CI 11.5-29.2)], and Mycobacterium gastri [15.9% (95% CI6.0-41.2)] were the most prevalent rapidly growing mycobacteria.
Conclusion: In summary, our findings indicate a relatively high combined prevalence of NTM in clinical samples in Iran. Some of these species such as M. simiae can have clinical and radiologic manifestations similar to those of TB and are resistant to anti-TB drugs. Therefore, standardizing the use of molecular methods for the detection of NTM seems necessary.
