Showing 8 results for Diagnosis
Movahedian A, Alizadeh Sharg Sh, Rahmani S Z, Dolatkhah H,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (4-2012)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal disorder characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. The FH clinical phenotype has been associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and premature death. The mutation in LDLR gene in most cases is responsible for FH phenotype. Furthermore, other gene mutations such as apolipoprotein B- gene may cause similar results. Preliminary research indicates that the FH phenotype is also influenced by other genetic and environmental Factors therefore, routine clinical analysis such as total cholesterol and LDL-C levels in serum, for early diagnosis and treatment, are not sufficient. Molecular diagnostic investigations, because of high specifity and sensitivity near %100, administered for determining the prevalent mutations in LDLR (and probably other genes) are needed for exact diagnosis and accurate therapy. Currently, PCR-SSCP and southern blotting techniques are among the common techniques that could detect major mutations in gene. Because of wide diversity in kinds of mutations in LDLR gene, we recommend, first, determining the proband's mutation and kinds of mutation, then, performing routine test based on type of mutation. Key words: Familial hyperlipoproteinemia, LDL-R gene molecular diagnosis, mutation, Molecular Diagnostic Method
M Fakhar, E Ahmad Pour,
Volume 7, Issue 1 (4-2013)
Abstract
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) is a systemic infection disease that can be diagnosed by some invasive procedures such as splenic, liver biopsy or bone marrow aspiration, whichare determined as the gold standards for diagnosing of this disease. At present, a variety of noninvasive tests having different specificities and sensitivities are available for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Direct agglutination test (DAT) can be an appropriate and applicable method provided that proper antigens are prepared. The rapid rK39 strip test (for detection of antigen) can be used for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is suitable for acute forms of disease in the field. Other tests, such as rapid KATEX strip test (for detection of antigen) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which are recently recommended for diagnosis and prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis, are the simple, inexpensive and easily available under field conditions.This review article focuses on different, novel and current procedures for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
Key words: Laboratory diagnosis,visceralleishmaniasis, Kala-azar,rk39, Katex, PCR
R Morshed,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (4-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Salmonellosis is one of the most important food-borne bacterial zoonotic diseases worldwide, and poultry and its products are the major sources for salmonella transmission to human. Isolation of Salmonellaenterica from poultry needs bacteriologic enrichment and selected cultures of fecal samples. In this study, different culture methods for the isolation of salmonella from fecal samples were compared.
Material and Methods: Forty- five positive samples from infected farms and 45 negative samples from normal farms were processed using enrichment media including tetrathionate broth, selenite cistine and Rappaport-Vassiliadis. Then the samples were incubated in selective cultures, and after 24 h, their results were compared with standard method.
Results: Specificity of all methods for salmonella isolation was 100%, and salmonella was not isolated from the negative samples. The highest susceptibility was related to the method in which the sample first in Selenite cistine and later in Rappaport-Vassiliadis was enriched (100%). Enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis could isolate 41 salmonella from 45 positive samples (91%) while the result of enrichment in tetrathionate was 6 isolates (13.3%).
Conclusion: This study shows that enrichment in selenite cistine and then in Rappaport-Vassiliadis is currently the best method for isolating salmonella from fecal samples of poultry.
Key words: Salmonella Bacteriologic Culture Diagnosis Isolation Enrichment Poultry
Alavy Toussy, J, Soltany, S, Semnani, V,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Knowledge about normal range of tests is one of the most important parameters in correct interpretation of the results. Accordingly, we decided to determine normal range of common paraclinical tests in Semnan and compare them with global reference ranges.
Material and Methods: The data from Khatam-al-Anbia laboratory from year 2011 to 2013 evaluated and the results compared with global reference ranges.
Results: Results and normal ranges of biochemistry, serology and hormonal tests were calculated. Normal range for Triglyceride was significantly higher than global reference range. Other tests' normal ranges were similar to global ranges.
Conclusion: Given large sample size, the results can be used confidentially in Semnan province and as a prototype for IRAN too.
Keywords: Clinical Laboratory Services; Diagnosis; Reference Values .
Ketabi, S, Ahmadi-Ahwaz, N, Moazzam, E, Mobasherizadeh, S, Alizadeh, V,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Multi-criteria comparison between laboratories is important for laboratory management to improve performance and for policymakers to make strategic decisions. In this study, those aspects of performance are considered that are beyond the traditional evaluation carried out by checklist.
Material and Methods: After the identifying the effective measures, a comprehensive performance evaluation model was presented and the performance of each laboratory was evaluated regarding the use of resources, including personnel, materials, equipment, space and facilities. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), using output -oriented model with constant returns to scale (CRS), was used to evaluate the efficiency of the labs.
Results: the input variables were different kinds of the costs related to staff , material , equipment , space and facilities ; physical standards associated with personnel, equipment, materials , space and facilities; process standards: safety , pre-test process , test process , quality control and after-test process ; systems standards related to purchase and inventory, communications and information.
Conclusion: The application of the proposed procedure for comparing the performance of 18 selected laboratories has shown that only 17% were efficient. The model is also used to determine the causes of inefficiency and to propose the policy for improving performance.
Keywords: Efficiency; Diagnosis, Laboratory; Operations Research
Behrouz Farhadihosseinabadi , Fahimeh Hosseini , Pegah Larki , Nader Bagheri , Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi , Koushan Sinehsepehr , Behrooz Johari , Meghdad Abdollahpour-Alitappeh ,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (9-2018)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Breast cancer remains the most common cancer of women and one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In spite of major advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, the incidence of breast cancer remains high and the treatment of metastatic breast cancer remains challenging. This review presents an overview of breast cancer with a particular focus on its clinical aspects and therapies.
Keywords: Breast Cancer, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Treatment.
Yogita Mistry, Tanvi Panwala, Summaiya Mullan,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (11-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Microscopic agglutination test is the gold standard sero-diagnostic method for detection of leptospirosis. Moreover, it helps identify serovars and their titers in serum samples. For obtaining accurate titer results, proper sampling, collection, storage, and transportation of samples are crucial while maintaining the cold chain. Since storage for long periods and the subsequent deterioration of samples may affect the final titers, we proposed an alternative method of MAT testing using filter paper-dried serum samples. We also evaluated sensitivity and specificity of the MAT test by using filtered-dried serum samples compared with the conventional MAT test.
Methods: This experimental study was performed on human and animal serum samples that were sent to a reference leprospirosis laboratory in 2020. Overall, 142 positive samples (with 289 titers for different strains) and 15 negative samples were used for MAT test using filtered-dried serum. For this purpose, each sample was dried on a filter paper (Whatman 903, GE Healthcare) at room temperature (20-30 °C) and kept for four days. On the fifth day, the filter papers were cut into small pieces, soaked in phosphate buffer saline, vortexed, and slowly mixed on shaker for two hours to elute antibodies. The MAT tests were performed simultaneously and under the same environmental conditions.
Results: The new MAT test using dried serum samples showed 79% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The test also had positive predictive value of 92% and negative predictive value of 24% when compared with the gold standard MAT test.
Conclusion: Filter-dried serum can be used for MAT test to overcome serum storage and transportation problems.
Mana Zakeri, Elham Alimoradi, Effat Seyyedhashemi, Shayan Marhamati, Vahid Tajari, Hamidreza Joshaghani,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease, caused by abnormal innate and adaptive immune responses. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) are reliable biomarkers for diagnosing SLE. Here, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of anti-dsDNA and ANA antibodies, their diagnostic utilities, and their relationship with disease activity and clinical/laboratory manifestations in patients with suspected.
Methods: We evaluated the plasma levels of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies in all individuals with suspected SLE (n=668) who had been referred to rheumatology clinics in Gorgan, Iran. The level of antibodies as well as C3, C4, and CH50 were determined using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.
Results: The mean level of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies differed significantly between the ANA-positive and ANA-negative groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean values of C3 (p=0.233), C4 (p=0.415, and CH50 (p=0.482) between the two groups. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between ANA and anti-dsDNA levels (p<0.001, r=0.50).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that anti-dsDNA levels are higher in ANA-positive individuals, and there may be a positive correlation between ANA and anti-dsDNA levels. It is recommended to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of ANA and anti-dsDNA antibodies in future studies.
