Showing 6 results for Drinking Water
H Rahimzadeh, M Kargar, Y Dadban, S Birami,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (10-2007)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objectives: Fluoride is one of the anions existed in water and soil. Its amount is not the same in different kind of water. Since the most of body's need to fluoride should be provided by drinking water, this study was aimed at determining the fluoride level in water supply of Gorgan rural regions. Materials and Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, the subjects were all 67 water sources of the region. Every season, a one litter Sample was taken in a plastic Container and tested by SPADS Method. After Collecting and encoding the data, ANOVA was used to analyze. Results: The Findings shows that there are 4 springs and 63 wells which are Located in the mountainous (N=16) and flat (N= 47) regions. In every season, the average fluoride Level was lower than Standard Level (1.5 mg/L). The difference between fluoride Level of wells (0.39±0.15mg/L) and springs (0.16± 0.13mg/L) is Significant (p<0.05) the fluoride Level of mountainous wells is higher than wells located in flat regions (0.13mg/L). This deference was Significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on The results revealing the fluoride Level of drinking water in Gorgan Rural region is less than international Standard, we recommend adding of Supplementary fluoride in foodstuffs of The people Living in This region. Key words: fluoride, drinking water resources, Gorgan, spring
Nasrolahi Omran A, Bay A, Poorshamsian Kh, Karimi Kh, Hashemi M, Maghsodlo B,
Volume 5, Issue 1 (4-2011)
Abstract
Abstract Background and objectives: Microbial, physical and chemical properties of drinking water, considering type and quantity of the drinking water, are the factors for determining the acceptability of water. The effect of each of the above components on increasing the quality of water or threatening the health of consumers is also considerable. We aimed to investigate the trace amounts of microbial, physical and chemical parameters of drinking water in Gorgan, comparing to national and international standard. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 50 samples were taken, per month, from four pilot stations in urban water network of Gorgan during one year (2009- 2010). We used instant sampling and performed Enumeration of Coliforms in water culture with most probable number (MPN).Samples taken from the stations during the month were investigated in two general categories of device test and heading-meter. All experiments were performed using standard reference method. Results: of 598 water samples 551 (92.2%) have not Coliforms, 47 (7.8%) contain Coliforms and 16 (2.7%) of them have thermo-tolerant Coliforms. Mean water hardness is 413mg/L, base on carbonate calcium. The amount of fluoride about 0.35 mg and the residual chlorine about 0.6 mg is less than national standard amount. Conclusion: The results show that Gorgan water network is, in view of microbial contamination, safe during almost all days. All the tested samples in terms of physical and chemical parameters are in the range of nation and international standards. Hardness of drinking water of Gorgan is one of the highest. Key words: Bacteriological, Physiochemical, Drinking Water, Gorgan.
M Darabi, Sh Jahani Zadeh, M Chegeny,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Quality control of drinking water is important for maintaining health and safety of consumers, and the first step is to study the water quality variables. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and physical indicators, water quality variables and qualitative classification of drinking water stations and water sources in Boroujerd.
Material and Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted on 70 samples of drinking water and 10 samples from sources in 2011-2012. Nine Water quality variables were measured and coded using STATISTICA10 Software. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for qualitative classification of water samples and determination of water quality variables.
Results: Based on PCA, chemical variables such as fluoride, nitrate, total hardness and iron, and physical variables such as pH and TDS were paramount importance to water quality. According to T-test, the average concentration of fluoride and iron, and the turbidity in all samples were significantly less than the standard. But other variables were up to standard.
Conclusion: For the large water quality data, the use of PCA to identify the main qualitative variables and to classify physical and chemical variables
can be used as an effective way in water quality management.
Keywords: Physical and Chemical Indicators, Drinking Water and Sources, Boroujerd, Principal Component Analysis
Pouryazdanpanah, N, Karvar, M, Ghazanfari, Z,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and objective: Bioindicators of drinking water are always influenced by physical and chemical factors such as turbidity and chlorine. Considering the assessment of drinking water quality is based on residual chlorine, E.coli, heterotrophic bacteria and turbidity. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pH, chlorine residual and turbidity on the microbial bioindicators.
Material and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 324 and 32 water samples were collected from rural and urban water distribution network of Aq Qala city in 2013, respectively. All steps were performed according to standard methods.
Results: In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and the heterotrophic more than 500CFU / ml. In urban network, coliform contamination was not seen and other bioindicators were less than those of rural networks were. Turbidity of above 5 NTU in urban and rural samples was 3 and 9 percent, respectively. Bioindicators had significant relationship with residual chlorine, fecal coliform bacteria with pH and turbidity with heterotrophic bacteria (P ≤0.05).
Conclusion: The presence of fecal streptococcus bacteria in some samples without fecal coliform cannot confirm the safety of drinking water. Microbial contamination in the presence of residual chlorine implies that just chlorination is not enough for having healthy water.
Keywords: Chlorine, Turbidity, Biological Factors, Drinking water
Pashaie Naghadeh, A, Dabirzadeh, M, Davoodi, T, Hashemi, M,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and objective: Bioindicators of drinking water are always influenced by physical and chemical factors such as turbidity and chlorine. Considering the assessment of drinking water quality is based on residual chlorine, E.coli, heterotrophic bacteria and turbidity. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pH, chlorine residual and turbidity on the microbial bioindicators.
Material and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 324 and 32 water samples were collected from rural and urban water distribution network of Aq Qala city in 2013, respectively. All steps were performed according to standard methods.
Results: In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and the heterotrophic more than 500CFU / ml. In urban network, coliform contamination was not seen and other bioindicators were less than those of rural networks were. Turbidity of above 5 NTU in urban and rural samples was 3 and 9 percent, respectively. Bioindicators had significant relationship with residual chlorine, fecal coliform bacteria with pH and turbidity with heterotrophic bacteria (P ≤0.05).
Conclusion: The presence of fecal streptococcus bacteria in some samples without fecal coliform cannot confirm the safety of drinking water. Microbial contamination in the presence of residual chlorine implies that just chlorination is not enough for having healthy water.
Keywords: Chlorine, Turbidity, Biological Factors, Drinking water
Zafarzadeh, A, Amanidaz, N, Bay, A, Aghapour, Sm,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and objective: Bioindicators of drinking water are always influenced by physical and chemical factors such as turbidity and chlorine. Considering the assessment of drinking water quality is based on residual chlorine, E.coli, heterotrophic bacteria and turbidity. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pH, chlorine residual and turbidity on the microbial bioindicators.
Material and methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 324 and 32 water samples were collected from rural and urban water distribution network of Aq Qala city in 2013, respectively. All steps were performed according to standard methods.
Results: In rural water supply, 5%, 9% and 33% of the samples were contaminated with fecal coliform, fecal streptococcus and the heterotrophic more than 500CFU / ml. In urban network, coliform contamination was not seen and other bioindicators were less than those of rural networks were. Turbidity of above 5 NTU in urban and rural samples was 3 and 9 percent, respectively. Bioindicators had significant relationship with residual chlorine, fecal coliform bacteria with pH and turbidity with heterotrophic bacteria (P ≤0.05).
Conclusion: The presence of fecal streptococcus bacteria in some samples without fecal coliform cannot confirm the safety of drinking water. Microbial contamination in the presence of residual chlorine implies that just chlorination is not enough for having healthy water.
Keywords: Chlorine, Turbidity, Biological Factors, Drinking water
