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Showing 6 results for Enterobacter
Microbial Contamination of Pastry Cream Supplied in Gorgan
Sh Shabani, Ar Sadeghi Mahoonak, H Jalali,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Abstract Background and Objective: Cream pastry, because of their ingredients, making process and preserving conditions are susceptible to many types of microbes. This study was conducted to determine the level of contamination of pastry cream in Gorgan. Material and Methods: The randomly selected samples (N = 450) were tested according to national standards for microbial tests and then the data was analyzed. Results: The level of contaminations for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus was 56% and 43.3%, respectively. The highest contamination occurred in summer with Enterobacteriaceae (N= 113) and the lowest in spring with Staphylococcus aureus (N= 40). Also microbial contamination in different types of cream pastries showed the maximum level in cream puff (90%) and the minimum level in roll pastry (30.6%). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in infection rate between different samples. The infection rate in this study is more than the prevalence of past studies. Keywords: Cream Pastry, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcusaureus, Gorgan
Effect of Benzalkonium Chloride on Biofilm of Bacteria Causing Nosocomial Infectionstions
Azizollah Ebrahimi Kahrizsangi , Saied Habibian Dehkordi , Ziba Shabanpur, Reza Hakimi Alni , Majid Hemati,
Volume 10, Issue 6 (11-2016)
Abstract

ABSTRACT

         Background and Objective: Biofilms are community of bacteria that attach to inanimate surfaces or living tissues via production of extracellular polymers and exopolysaccharide matrix. Microbial biofilms on various surfaces of the hospital environment are considered as a reservoir of infection spread. The present study aimed to evaluate the disinfecting effect of benzalkonium chloride on some bacterial isolates causing nosocomial infections.

       Methods: First, 13 isolates from four bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter and Enterobacter were obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The samples were transferred to Microbiology Laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University for testing. Evaluation of biofilm formation and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the disinfectant and effect of the disinfectant on planktonic growth and biofilm formation were performed.

        Results: All bacterial isolates (52 cases) produced biofilm. Mean MIC of benzalkonium chloride for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter was 0.14, 0.2, 0.18, 0.17 g/ml, respectively. Planktonic growth of all four bacteria was inhibited at concentrations of 2MIC, MIC and 1/2MIC. Biofilm was not produced in MIC and 2MIC concentrations, and biofilm formation capability increased by reducing the concentration of benzalkonium chloride.

          Conclusion: The results show that the use of appropriate concentration of benzalkonium chloride can prevent the growth of different bacterial species, but sub-MIC dose of this disinfectant may stimulate biofilm formation.

            Keywords: Biofilm, Benzalkonium Chloride, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter.


Bacteriological profile of pyogenic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility in a tertiary care hospital in central India
Bhawana Bajare, Akanksha Dhangar, Supriya Tankhiwale, Sunanda Shrikhande,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background: Pyogenic infection is a significant cause of morbidity. Infection with multidrug-resistant strains poses a major difficulty in the treatment. The study was conducted to know the bacteriological profile of pyogenic infections and their antibiotic susceptibility.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from October 2021 to March 2022. Isolates from pus specimens were subjected to an antibiotic sensitivity test using the Kirby-Bauer method as per CLSI 2021.
Results: Out of 752 samples, etiology could be revealed in 510 (68.4%) specimens. Enterobacterales dominated the profile, with K pneumoniae isolated in the maximum number of specimens. Staphylococcus aureus was the culprit in 14% of the cases. Non-fermenters were isolated in 17% of the cases. Methicillin resistance in S aureus was 67%. Gram-positive cocci showed high sensitivity to linezolid. For both Piptaz and carbapenem, Enterobacterales and non-fermenters showed around 50% and 60% susceptibility, respectively.
Conclusion: Continuous surveillance of the aetiologic agents of pyogenic infections and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern needs to be done to design and implement the antibiotic policy for the infection in our set-up.
Prevalence of carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii from meat samples
Maryam Rezaeian, Laleh Hoveida,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background: Infections caused by bacteria transmitted from food, including carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii), are spreading, and this has caused concerns in treatment. This study investigated the frequency of carbapenem resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii, isolated from raw chicken meat.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of raw chicken meat were collected from Isfahan. Bacterial contamination was evaluated and confirmed using biomedical tests. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed using disc diffusion for Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. The frequency of carbapenem resistance genes (OXA-181, OXA-48, VIM, NDM, IMP, and KPC) was determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.
Results: Out of 100 samples, 70 were positive for bacterial infection, of which 30 were infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli), 14 samples with Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), 9 samples with Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium), 11 samples with P. aeruginosa, and 6 samples with A. baumannii. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were estimated to be tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, and the lowest levels were azithromycin and rifampin. Among genes encoding resistance to carbapenem, NDM and OXA-48 genes were the most commonly expressed, with a frequency of 60% and 28.24%, respectively.
Conclusion: This study found significant bacterial contamination, especially for Enterobacteriaceae, with notable antibiotic resistance to tetracycline. Carbapenem resistance genes NDM and OXA-48 were prevalent, indicating the urgency of addressing antibiotic resistance.
 

Prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of carbapenemase-producing organisms in burn and wound infections
Sarah Ahmed Hasan, Waad Mahmood Raoof, Khaled Khalil Ahmed,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (7-2025)
Abstract

Background: Carbapenems are broad-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics, often reserved as last-line treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. Carbapenemase producing organisms (CPOs) pose a serious public health threat, contributing to severe healthcare-associated infections and increased mortality rates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of CPOs and their antibiotic resistance patterns in isolates from burn and wound infections.
Methods: A total of 250 clinical samples (140 wound swabs and 110 burn swabs) were collected from hospitalized patients in Kirkuk and Sulaimaniyah hospitals between January and July 2023. Specimens were cultured on MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar and incubated at 37°C for 18–24 hours. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the BD Phoenix™ M50 system, while carbapenemase production was confirmed using the BD RAPIDEC® CARBA NP assay.
Results: Among the isolates, 27 (38.02%) were confirmed as carbapenemase-producing and exhibited multidrug resistance. The distribution was as follows: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44.44%, 12 isolates), Escherichia coli (33.33%, 9 isolates), Enterobacter cloacae (18.51%, 5 isolates), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (3.7%, 1 isolate). Notably, CP-P. aeruginosa and CP-K. pneumoniae showed the highest resistance, being resistant to 15 antibiotics across seven different classes.
Conclusion: This study reveals a high prevalence of MDR CPOs in burn and wound infections, likely due to antibiotic misuse or overuse. The findings highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to combat carbapenem-resistant pathogens, which are associated with increased global morbidity and mortality.


Fosfomycin susceptibility of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates in a tertiary care hospital, South India
Apurba Sankar Sastry , Shuruthi Kirubakaran , Sarumathi Dhandapani , Ketan Priyadarshi,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms has limited the choice of therapeutic options to treat infections. The lack of development of new antimicrobials paved the way for considering the reassessment of older antibiotics like fosfomycin. In this context, we assessed the in-vitro effect of fosfomycin against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream isolates by agar dilution, disk diffusion, and screen agar.
Methods: In this study, 141 consecutive blood isolates resistant to carbapenem and 62 MRSA blood culture isolates were collected over a period of 8 months. The methods used were fosfomycin agar dilution (0.25 µg/ml to 512 µg/ml), Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion (150 µg of fosfomycin + 50 µg of glucose-6-phosphate), and fosfomycin screen agar (32 µg/ml, 48 µg/ml, and 64 µg/ml). All three methods were interpreted using the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing guidelines. The agreement between the new method and the reference method was calculated.
Results: Among the tested isolates, 100% of MRSA, followed by Escherichia coli (E. coli) (86.4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (K. pneumonia) (65.2%), and E. cloacae (50%) were susceptible to fosfomycin. The MIC50 and MIC90 of fosfomycin were 0.5 µg/ml and 2 µg/ml for MRSA, 16 µg/ml and 32 µg/ml for K. pneumoniae, 4 µg/ml and 16 µg/ml for E. coli, and 8 µg/ml and 32 µg/ml for E. cloacae, respectively.
Conclusion: Fosfomycin demonstrated a good in-vitro effect on most of the carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and MRSA isolates tested.


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