Showing 14 results for Multiple
N Hashemi, Y Yazdani,
Volume 8, Issue 3 (8-2014)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Mucosal feeding of myelin basic protein binding to the cholera toxin B subunit can reduce the intensity of the immune response in MS patients. Expression system, the domain composition of the fusion protein, accessibility of two domains, codon adaptation index (CAI) and GC contents are very important for the large scale production of fusion protein.
Material and Methods: we used DNA2, PSIPRED and ProtParam softwares for designing the best form to produce fusion protein. Moreover, the correct open reading frame of myelin basic protein was also considered. First the coding sequence was verified and then synthesized. For confirmation of the recombinant vector, PCR test was carried out using T7 primers. Finally it was inserted into the cloning site of pET28 expression vector.
Results: After coding optimization, the CAI rate was increased from 64 % to 80% and GC content from 41 % to 49%. The presence of a band near 700bp resulted from PCR amplification test demonstrates the correct cloning of recombinant vectors in the cloning site of pET28 expression vector.
Conclusion: According to software and experimental analysis, the designed sequence probably in the best form could be used for production of recombinant protein.
Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Cholera Toxin, Myelin Basic Protein
Monadi, M, Kargar, M, Naghiha, A, Najafi, A, Mohammadi, R,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (4-2015)
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objective: Salmonellosis is the most common type of food poisoning in developed and developing countries that is caused by Salmonella serotype. Hence, we aimed to identify the Salmonella serovars in eggs obtained from Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province and to evaluate antibiotic resistance of the isolated strains.
Material and Methods: In this study, 210 eggs were collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad Province. The bacteria were isolated and identified using biochemical tests. After extraction of genomic DNA, Salmonella gender, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium were investigated by invA, fliC and sefA primers, respectively, using Multiplex PCR method.
Results: Of 210, 14 (6.66%) were contaminated with Salmonella. Of these, 12 (5.71%) were Salmonella typhimurium and 2 (0.95%) were related to Salmonella spp. None of the samples were contaminated with Salmonella enteritidis. The highest resistance was related to penicillin (100%) and neomycin (78.57%).
Conclusion: Salmonella typhimurium is the predominant serovar causing contamination in the eggs of this Province. Given the wide spread of antibiotic resistance in different serotypes of Salmonella, we recommend avoiding of indiscriminate use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry.
Keywords: Salmonella, Drug Resistance, Antibiotic, Multiplex PCR, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad
Mehdi Tavalla , Marjan Sabzevari,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (5-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic infection worldwide. The infection can be caused via consumption of contaminated meat and mother-to-child (congenital) transmission, causing changes in central nervous system tissue, eye irritation and sometimes death. The human form of the disease is often asymptomatic and may be accompanied with general discomfort and swelling of the lymph nodes when associated with chorioretinitis. Acute infection in immunocompromised individuals could lead to mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) referred to the MS Center in city of Ahvaz, southeastern Iran.
Methods: Blood samples were taken from 100 patients with MS and 100 healthy control participants. After separating the serum, presence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG, IgM) was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Frequency of anti-Toxoplasma IgG was 38% and 21% in the patients and controls, respectively. Toxoplasma IgM antibodies were not detected in any of the study groups. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant association between Toxoplasma antibodies and MS.
Conclusion: Due to high prevalence of toxoplasmosis in MS patients, it is recommended to measure serum titers of the patients regularly, and placed them under antiparasitic therapy when necessary.
Keywords: Toxoplasma, Multiple sclerosis, MS, Ahvaz.
Asra Askari , Amir Rashid Lamir , Nahid Bijeh , Majid Momeni Moghadam ,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (11-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate effects of eight weeks of aquatic exercise and resistance training on plasma neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) levels and NT-4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: Thirty women with MS were randomly assigned to a resistance-training group, an aquatic exercise group and a control group. After separating plasma and PBMCs from blood samples, level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression was measured after eight weeks of exercise via ELISA and Real-time PCR, respectively.
Results: The level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression increased significantly following eight weeks of aquatic training and resistance training.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, both resistance training and aquatic exercise can increase the level of plasma NT-4 and NT-4 expression in female MS patients. It can be concluded that such trainings could have protective and positive effects on the nervous system of MS patients.
Keywords: Exercise, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurotrophic Factors, Women.
Hamid Vaez , Vahid Vaez , Farzad Khademi ,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (11-2017)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important non-fermenting gram-negative hospital-acquired pathogen. Treatment of P. aeruginosa infections has become more challenging due to overexpression of efflux pumps. The aim of the present study was to apply in silico analysis to evaluate the structure of the efflux pump regulatory protein, MexR, and impact of mutation on its stability and function.
Methods: Different bioinformatics tools including EXPASY, PROTEER, TECCOFFE, iStable, I-Mutant 2, STRING, ESPript, GOR IV, and PDB were used in the study.
Results: Aliphatic and instability indices were 104.15, and 46.52, respectively, indicating that the protein has a relatively short half-life. Most mutations decreased protein stability. Twenty-four mutations were identified as deleterious, with negative impact on the protein’s function.
Conclusion: Determination of structure, variability, and function of MexR could be useful for modeling of treatment and control of multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa, with overexpressed efflux pump. We found that MexR is a relatively unstable and conserved protein and the majority of mutations decrease its stability.
Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MexR protein, Drug resistance, drug resistance multiple.
Shadi Beladi Ghannadi , Maryam Ghane , Laleh Babaeekhou ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (3-2019)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background and Objectives: The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Shigella spp. is becoming a health concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance pattern and frequency of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM genes among Shigella isolates from patients in hospitals of Tehran, Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 52 non-repeated Shigella strains were isolated from hospitalized patients in Milad, Emam Khomeini and Shariati hospitals in Tehran (Iran) from November 2015 to December 2016. Bacterial identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed according to the standard guidelines. The blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and blaTEM resistance genes were identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
Results: Among 52 Shigella isolates, S. sonnei (44.2%) was the predominant species, followed by S. flexneri and S. dysenteriae (23%). Over 67% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. The highest rates of resistance were observed against cefalotin (67.3%), tetracycline (67.3%), amikacin (63.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (48.1), and ampicillin (42.3%). The lowest resistance rate was against ciprofloxacin (1.9%). We detected the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in 61.5% and 19.2% of the isolates, respectively. However, the blaSHV gene was not detected in any of the isolates. In addition, 16.4% of the isolates harbored the blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes simultaneously. Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotics according to the ESBL genes distribution.
Conclusion: Our findings indicate the high prevalence of multidrug resistance and ESBL genes in Shigella isolates, which elucidates the need for appropriate infection control measures for limiting the spread of resistant strains.
Keywords: Shigella, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, Drug Resistance.
Maryam Karimi, Mahtab Moazzami, Najmeh Rezaeian,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease caused by inflammatory demyelinating processes in the central nervous system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of core stability training on serum levels of progranulin and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in women with MS.
Methods: The study population consisted of 24 women with MS (aged 25 to 40 years) in Bojnourd (Iran) with expanded disability status scale score of 2-5. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of core stability training (n=12) and control (n=12). The training group performed 30-40 minutes of core stability training, three sessions a week for eight weeks. Blood sampling was done 24 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session. Serum levels of progranulin and TNF-α were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Analysis of covariance was used to assess data at a significance level of 0.05 .
Results: The eight-week core stability training was associated with a significant increase in serum level of progranulin (P=0.037) and a significant decrease in the level of TNF-α (P=0.000).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the eight-week core stability training could significantly change serum levels of progranulin and TNF-α and improve the condition of women with MS. Therefore, this type of training could be applied as a complementary therapy for MS patients.
Noosha Amiri, Mahtab Moazzami, Ali Yaghoubi,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the centralnervous system that can be tracked through biomarkers of disease status. The present study aimed to examine effect of eight weeks of resistance training on serum levels of neurofilament light chain and tau protein in women with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Methods: The study population consisted of 24 women with MS (aged 25 to 40 years) in Bojnourd (Iran) with expanded disability status scale score of 2-5. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of resistance training (n=12) and control (n=12). The training group performed 45-60 minutes of resistance training, three sessions a week for eight weeks. The control group did not partake in sports activity. Blood samples were taken 24 hours before the first session and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze data at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The eight-week resistance training intervention significantly decreased serum level of tau protein but had no significant effect on serum level of neurofilamet light chain.
Conclusion: According to the research results, eight weeks of resistance training could have favorable effects on serum level of tau protein in MS patients.
Faranak Balaghi Inaloo, Roya Askari, Amir Hossein Haghighi, Kaveh Kashani, Paul Friedemann,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and objectives: Studies have reported contradictory results regarding the relationship between serum neurofilament light chain (NFL) and fatigue severity. The aim of our study was to investigate serum NFL and fatigue severity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) after home-based and outdoor Pilates training.
Methods: The study population consisted of 44 women with MS (aged 25 to 40 years) with an expanded disability status scale score of 2-5. The patients were randomly divided into three groups: home-based training (HPT, n=15), outdoor training (OPT, n=15), and a control group (n=14). The training groups performed Pilates exercises for 8 weeks individually at home and under the sun. Blood samples and completed Fatigue Severity Scale forms were taken 48 hours before the first session and after the 8-week intervention.
Results: The results showed that OPT caused a more notable increase in serum vitamin D (32.76±5.13, p<0.001) and a decrease in NFL (15.98±2.26, p <0.001) and FSS score (2.51±0.35, p<0.001) compared with HPT. Also, HPT lowered NFL (18.01±2.28, p<0.001) and FSS score (3.84±0.98, p<0.001) compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Pilates training can reduce NFL levels and FSS scores in women with MS. In addition, OPT is more effective than HPT in reducing NFL and FSS and increasing vitamin D levels.
Samaneh Sabouri, Darioush Hamidi Alamdari, Sanaz Salaramoli, Seyyed Isaac Hashemy,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (7-2023)
Abstract
Samaneh Sabouri 
,
Darioush Hamidi Alamdari ,
Sanaz Salaramoli ,
Seyyed Isaac Hashemy
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelination disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is believed to be associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, researchers try to find reliable biomarkers to monitor the disease and predict its prognosis. Cholesterol and lipids in the myelin sheath are vital for nerve cells. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is susceptible to lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate oxidative stress markers in the serum of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and examine their correlation with lipid markers.
Methods: A total of 18 MS patients (14 women and 4 men) and 18 healthy subjects (matched by age and sex) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The serum samples were collected in both relapsing and remitting phases. The prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), malondialdehyde (MDA), and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) were measured as markers of oxidative stress.
Results: The mean age of participants was 29.21 (22-42) years. In the comparison between the patient and control groups, the most differences were increased levels of PAB in the patient group (P < 0.05), no difference between relapsing and remitting phases (P = 0.995), increased MDA levels in the relapsing phase (P = 0.013)––but no change in the remitting phase (P = 0.068), no difference in LDL and oxLDL levels in the patient group (P > 0.05), and MDA, LDL, and oxLDL levels did not have any significant correlation with PAB (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: High levels of oxidative stress markers were present in both phases of the disease. Lipid peroxidation markers (such as MDA) increased in the acute phase, but oxLDL did not change. Also, there was no significant correlation between oxidative stress and cholesterol markers.
Arvin Shajeie, Mehrnaz Rad, Mahdi Askari, Kamran Sharifi, Gholamreza Hashemi Tabar,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background: Colistin is the most significant last-line antibiotic for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, especially the Enterobacteriaceae family. The emergence and rapid spread of the plasmid-mediated resistance gene, mcr-1 (mobilized colistin resistance), in some isolates of Escherichia coli in recent years provoked public health concerns since it has been shown that mcr-1 with other resistance genes, such as ESBLs (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and carbapenemases, could be carried on a single plasmid concurrently. The excessive consumption of colistin, particularly in the livestock industry, and the transmission of these resistant bacteria from livestock to humans may potentially increase the risk of the spread of resistance in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the prevalence of mcr and carbapenem resistance genes among neonatal calves in Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.
Methods: In the current study, 200 fecal samples from healthy and diarrheic neonatal calves (≤35 days old) were collected in Mashhad (190 E. coli strains were isolated). Antibiotic susceptibility to ceftazidime, cefepime, cefixime, meropenem, colistin, and ciprofloxacin was examined. The double-disk diffusion method (ceftazidime + ceftazidime/clavulanic acid) was performed on Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) media to phenotypically distinguish the ESBL producers. Afterward, the Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to detect colistin resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, and mcr5), NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1), and OXA-48 as carbapenemases.
Results: The results of the resistance rate to antibiotics were cefepime, ceftazidime, cefixime, meropenem, and colistin. Based on the findings, 33.7% were phenotypically ESBL producers, 4.21% harbored mcr-1, and no NDM-1 or OXA-48 was detected. Among the mcr-1-positive isolates, 5 strains showed the ESBL phenotype.
Conclusion: The results highlight the need for continued monitoring of antibiotic resistance in livestock and the potential for transmission to humans. The findings also underscore the importance of responsible antibiotic use in both human and animal health to mitigate the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Shuchismita ., Iffat Jamal , Vijayanand Choudhary ,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (1-2024)
Abstract
Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia with 2 variants: the primary form, which occurs de novo in patients with no previous history of multiple myeloma (MM), and the secondary form, which represents a leukemic transformation in patients with a previously recognized MM. Unlike myeloma, PCL typically follows an aggressive course, and the median age at presentation is usually above 50 years. In this report, we present a case of primary PCL that manifested at 19, an exceptionally rare occurrence.
Darshana Kottahachchi, Tharushika Deshani Hewapathirana, Thisali Chandula Perera, Shashikala Suresh,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (3-2024)
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is considered the second most common hematological malignancy which accounts for approximately 1% - 2% of all cancers and among 10% of hematological malignancies. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell Transplantation (PBSCT) is the best treatment for MM. Since the optimum harvested stem cell yield is a crucial factor for sufficient engraftment, the enumeration of Mononuclear cell (MNC) count in peripheral blood and harvested CD 34+ stem cell count can be considered as the best predictive markers for the best timing of apheresis which positively correlates with engraftment outcome of PBSCT.
MNC count can be obtained using either a hematological analyzer or peripheral blood smear while flow cytometry is the advanced technology that can be used to enumerate CD 34+ stem cell count other than peripheral blood smear. The unavailability of a flow cytometer, the expensiveness of this method, and the lack of trained personnel regarding this new technology, especially in lower-middle-income countries cause disturbance in the enumeration of stem cells. In such a situation, this review describes the importance of establishing an association between peripheral blood MNCs and harvested CD 34+ cells. Furthermore, this association facilitates conducting effective PBSCT for MM patients even in the absence of a flow cytometer and eventually, it focuses on decentralizing the treatment of PBSCT.
Zahra Ahmadnia, Samane Rouhi, Hamed Mehdinezhad, Siamak Sabaghi, Alireza Firouzjahi, Hossein Ghorbani, Mohammad Ranaei, Maryam Pourtaghi, Mana Baziboron,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (7-2024)
Abstract
Pasteurella species are one of the most common pathogenic bacteria common to domestic animals and they are seen more in people with weak immune systems. This research aims to investigate a case of a patient with multiple sclerosis in which Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) was isolated from his sputum sample. The patient was a 28-year-old man with multiple sclerosis, who had complained of multiple coughs due to food stuck in his throat. The primary diagnosis was pneumonia hydropneumothorax and complete collapse of the left lung. The patient's sputum culture after the first visit to the hospital was positive for P. multocida. P. multocida was not found in the second culture of the patient's sputum. In the subsequent cultures of the patient, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Citrobacter were found with extensive drug resistance to all antibiotics. In the secondary computerized tomography (CT) scan, mild pleural effusion on the left side, pneumothorax, and complete collapse with bronchiectasis was seen. Despite the treatments performed on the patient, the patient finally died of cardiac arrest and bradycardia. Infection with P. multocida was found in a patient with multiple sclerosis. Also, hospital-acquired infections with drug resistance caused by the weakness of the patient's system appeared in the patient who was hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU), and finally, the patient died. According to antibiotic patterns, the best antibiotic to which the bacteria is sensitive can be considered as the primary treatment and avoid the irrational prescription of antibiotics.
