ABSTRACT
          Background and Objectives: Resistance training is a key component of exercise recommendations for weight control, yet very little is known about the effects of resistance training on appetite and related peptides. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training on appetite and circulating acyl ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and orexin in sedentary men.
           Methods: This study included 20 sedentary men (mean age: 21.6±3.5 year, body mass index: 23.1±2.7 kg/m²) who were equally divided into a control group and a resistance training group. Participants in the training group performed the whole body exercises three sessions per week with 3-4 sets of 8-10 repetitions at 60-85% one-repetition maximum. Participants in the control group performed no resistance training. Fasting blood samples were taken before starting the study and 72 hours after the last session of resistance training for evaluation of serum acyl ghrelin, NPY, and orexin levels. In addition, perceived appetite was assessed by visual analogue scale while fasting.
           Results: Statistical analysis showed that fasting acyl ghrelin and NPY were not changed by resistance training, but serum orexin level elevated by 40% in response to training (P=0.01). Appetite was not significantly different between the two groups at baseline (P=0.9). However, appetite significantly increased after resistance training (P=0.001).
           Conclusion: Results of the present study show that the 8-week resistance training increases perceived appetite by orexin promotion in previously sedentary men.
          Keywords: Appetite, Ghrelin, NPY, Orexins, Resistance Training.

Abstract
           Background and Objectives: Liver is one of the vital organs of the human body. Antioxidants have been shown to play important roles in reducing liver injuries. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of gallic acid supplementation and resistance exercise on liver damage biomarkers in male rats intoxicated by steroid anabolic.
           Materials and Methods: Forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six equal groups: control, sham, steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg), steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + gallic acid supplementation (50 mg/kg), steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + resistance exercise, and steroid anabolic (5 mg/kg) + gallic acid supplementation (50 mg/kg) + resistance exercise. Except for control and sham groups, all groups received (injection) steroid anabolic at a dose of 5 mg / kg body weight once a week. The resistance exercise protocol was comprised of three weekly exercise sessions by 5 rep/3 set of climbing ladder for eight weeks. Data were analyzed via ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at a significance level of P<0.05.
           Results:  The hepatic enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and bilirubin (total and direct), "In the gallic acid supplementation group (P<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.02, and p<0.05, respectively), resistance training group (p<0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, and p<0.05, respectively), and the gallic acid supplementation group with resistance exercise (P<0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, and p<0.01, respectively)"  were significantly reduced compared to the anabolic steroid group.
           Conclusions: Gallic acid supplementation and resistance exercise significantly reduce liver damage biomarkers. However, the simultaneous use of resistance exercise and gallic acid supplementation has no increasing effects on these biomarkers.
           Keywords: Anabolic Agents, gallic acid, Resistance Training.